Three cases of neonatal pericardial effusion related to umbilical venous catheterization / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

A retrospective case review was conducted of 3 cases with umbilical venous catheterization(UVC) related pericardial effusions in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from December 2020 to April 2022.All 3 cases were preterm infants with gestational ages of 33 + 4, 31 and 27 + 6 weeks, respectively.UVC was inserted routinely in 24 hours after birth.Three neonates developed tachycardia or bradycardia, dyspnea, decreased oxygen saturation and muffled heart sound at the 1 st to 4 th day after catheterization.Echocardiography indicated pericardial effusion, so the 3 neonates underwent pericardiocentesis and drainage.Among the 3 neonates, 2 cases improved and have good prognosis, 1 case died.UVC can cause pericardial effusion, which occurs mostly in the early stage after catheterization.Pericardial effusion and tamponade should be considered when patients show unexplained sudden clinical deterioration after catheterization, such as dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia or bradycardia, etc.Once diagnosed, umbilical vein catheter should be removed in time and pericardiocentesis and drainage should be performed for decompression.Early diagnosis and intervention can effectively improve the prognosis.

Application of body surface markers localization in totally implantable venous access port implantation via internal jugular vein approach / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility of using body surface marker localization method to determine the correct position of catheter tip (lower 1/3 of the superior vena cava or the junction of superior vena cava and right atrium) in totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) implantation via internal jugular vein approach.Methods:The clinical data of 220 patients who underwent TIVAP implantation in Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University from June 2019 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 168 patients used the internal jugular vein approach. According to the method implemented for determining the length of central venous catheter (CVC) during the operation, the patients were divided into two groups: 136 patients using the body surface marker localization method were defined as the study group; and the remaining 32 cases treated by the intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopic localization method were defined as the control group. The difference in the excellent or good rate of CVC tip position immediately after implantation and the time of implantation was compared between the two groups. In addition, the correlation between the length of CVC indwelling, height, age, and the distance between the catheter tip and tracheal carina was analyzed for the patients with right and left internal jugular vein catheterization. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for statistical distribution of measurement data. Normal distribution of measurement data was expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), independent sample t-test was used for comparison between groups. Chi-square test was used for comparison between counting data. With TIVAP catheter indenture length as dependent variable and height as independent variable, Pearson correlation analysis was performed, the relationship equation between ideal catheter indenture length and patient height was analyzed by unitary linear regression. Results:When the CVC tip was located at the second intercostal space, the third sternocostal joint and the third intercostal space, the corresponding probability of being in the correct position was 34.8%, 83.3% and 95.0% respectively. The third sternocostal joint or the third intercostal space had a higher probability of correct CVC tip location than the second intercostal space, and the difference were statistically significant ( P<0.001). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the possibility of the CVC tip located in the correct position between the third sternocostal joint and the third intercostal space ( P=0.149). Compared with the control group (before adjusting catheter position), the proportion of excellent or good CVC position in the study group was significantly improved (94.1% vs 46.9%), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=41.99, P<0.001); while the total operation time was significantly shortened [(33.04±6.69) min vs (42.50±5.54) min], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There was a linear correlation between the length of CVC insertion and height. Indwelling catheter length via right internal jugular vein approach (cm) =0.159× height (cm)-1.284 ( r=0.597, r2=0.356, P<0.001); length of catheter indwelling through the left approach (cm) =0.097× height (cm) + 12.139 ( r=0.322, r2=0.104, P=0.020). Conclusions:The third sternocostal joint or the third intercostal space would be the corresponding correct surface landmark of the CVC tip when the body surface marker localization method was adopted during the TIVAP implantation via the internal jugular vein approach. Compared with the intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy localization, the operation time is significantly shortened with the application of the body surface marker localization method. This technique is simple and easy to master and has high reliability in determining the length of catheter and the position of CVC tip.

Acesso venoso subclávio via fossa supraclavicular guiado por ultrassonografia: é opção segura? / Subclavian venous access via supraclavicular foss guided by ultrasonography: is it a safe option?

Introdução: A canulação venosa central é técnica cuja execução ainda está associada com complicações mecânicas, trombóticas e infecciosas e a guiada por ultrassonografia parece reduzir a incidência dessas complicações, custos e tempo necessário para realizar o procedimento. No entanto raras evidências apoiam a utilização ultrassonografia para a canulação da veia subclávia via supraclavicular. Objetivos: Avaliar se o acesso venoso subclávio via fossa supraclavicular guiado por ultrassonografia em tempo real é seguro como alternativa para obtenção de acessos venosos profundos. Método: Estudo epidemiológico de intervenção, transversal, caracterizado como ensaio clínico, em pacientes de UTI. As variáveis foram: idade, gênero, peso, lateralidade puncionada, número de tentativas de canulação, tempo entre a obtenção da imagem e acesso da veia, profundidade da veia subclávia em relação à pele e complicações durante a colocação e permanência do cateter. Resultados: Realizou-se acessos em 18 pacientes A maioria das punções foram obtidas na primeira ou segunda tentativa compondo 72,2% dos procedimentos, com tempo médio para a execução de 9 min. Observou-se predomínio de profundidades entre 0,63 a 1,09 cm com média de 1 cm. A taxa de sucesso foi de 94,4% com 5,6% de complicações correspondente à uma punção arterial. Não houve nenhuma outra complicação mecânica, trombótica ou infecciosa. Conclusões: O procedimento é seguro, executado em 9 min e, em sua maioria, na primeira ou segunda tentativa com 5,6% de complicações, e profundidade a partir da pele de 1 cm

Introduction: Central venous cannulation is a technique whose execution is still associated with mechanical, thrombotic and infectious complications and ultrasound-guided cannulation seems to reduce the incidence of these complications, costs and time required to perform the procedure. However, rare evidence supports the use of ultrasonography for cannulation of the subclavian vein via the supraclavicular route. Objectives: To assess whether subclavian venous access via the supraclavicular fossa guided by real-time ultrasound is a safe alternative for obtaining deep venous access. Method: Interventional, cross-sectional epidemiological study, characterized as a clinical trial, in ICU patients. The variables were: age, gender, weight, punctured laterality, number of cannulation attempts, time between obtaining the image and accessing the vein, depth of the subclavian vein in relation to the skin, and complications during placement and permanence of the catheter. Results: Accesses were performed in 18 patients. Most punctures were obtained in the first or second attempt, comprising 72.2% of the procedures, with an average time for execution of 9 min. There was a predominance of depths between 0.63 and 1.09 cm with an average of 1 cm. The success rate was 94.4% with 5.6% of complications corresponding to an arterial puncture. There were no other mechanical, thrombotic or infectious complications. Conclusions: The procedure is safe, performed in 9 min and, mostly, in the first or second attempt with 5.6% of complications, and depth from the skin of 1 cm.KEYWORDS: Central venous catheterization. Ultrasound. Subclavian vein.DOI: /10.55684/80.2.26Visão ultrassonográfica verificando-se o fio-guia no lúmen da veia subclávia(LAT=lateral; MED=medial, VSC=veia subclávia; VBC=veia braquicefálica)Mensagem CentralA canulação venosa central é técnica cuja execução ainda está associada com complicações mecânicas, trombóticas e infecciosas, e a guiada por ultrassonografia parece reduzir a incidência dessas complicações, custos e tempo necessário para realizar o procedimentoPerspectivaA obtenção do acesso venoso central subclávio via fossa supraclavicular guiado por ultrassonografia aponta-se como técnica segura executada com tempo médio de 9 min, em sua maioria na primeira ou segunda tentativa, com incidência de complicações menores de 5,6%, e para sua canulação, observou-se profundidade média a partir da pele de 1 cm. O procedimento é seguro e boa alternativa para acesso venoso subclávio.

Application of ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization at various sites in infants with shock / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the clinical characteristics of ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization at various sites in infants with shock, and to explore how to quickly select the site for central venous puncture in infants with shock.@*METHODS@#The medical data of 112 infants who were diagnosed with shock and underwent central venous catheterization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Dongguan Children's Hospital Affiliated to Guangdong Medical University, from January 2016 to December 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were divided into an ultrasound group (n=70) and a body surface location group (n=42) according to whether the catheterization was carried out under ultrasound guidance. The application of ultrasound-guided catheterization at various sites in infants was summarized and analyzed, and the success rate of one-time puncture, overall success rate, catheterization time, and complications were compared between these sites.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the body surface location group, the ultrasound group had a significantly higher success rate of one-time puncture, a significantly shorter catheterization time, and a significantly reduced incidence rate of complications in internal jugular vein and femoral vein catheterizations (P<0.05). In the ultrasound group, the proportion of internal jugular vein catheterization was the highest (51%, 36/70), followed by femoral vein catheterization (33%, 23/70), and subclavian vein catheterization (16%, 11/70). For the comparison between different puncture sites under ultrasound guidance, internal jugular vein catheterization showed the shortest time of a successful catheterization [5.5 (5.0, 6.5) minutes] (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of complications among the different puncture sites groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#In infants with shock, ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheterization can be used as the preferred catheterization method for clinicians.

Relationship between central line-associated bloodstream infection and catheter dwell time in neonates / 中华危重病急救医学

The central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is a common and serious complication of central venous catheterization, which can lead to various short-term and long-term adverse outcomes. Neonatal CLABSI did not increase linearly with the prolongation of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). When the umbilical venous catheter (UVC) is retained for more than 1-2 weeks, the incidence of neonatal CLABSI may increase significantly; PICC replacement at 7-10 days after UVC indwelling may reduce the incidence of CLABSI, but it has not been supported by evidence-based medicine. This article reviews the related studies between neonatal CLABSI and catheter dwell time, in order to plan the indwelling time more reasonably and prevent CLABSI better.

Pathogen profile and clinical characteristics of catheter-related bloodstream infectionin very low birth weight infants / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the pathogen profile and clinical characteristics of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) receiving peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC).Methods:From November 2018 to October 2021, VLBWI with CRBSI after PICC admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of our hospital were retrospectively studied. The pathogen profile and drug resistance characteristics were analyze. The infants with bacterial infection were assigned into gram-negative (G -) group and gram-positive (G +) group. Their general status, PICC duration and the site of PICC, body weight at infection, use of lipid emulsion and prophylactic antibiotics, clinical manifestations and laboratory results were compared between the two groups. Results:A total of 70 infants with CRBSI were included and 70 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected. 50.0% (35/70) were G - bacteria with klebsiella pneumoniae (34.3%, 12/35) and serratia marcescens (34.3%, 12/35) as the most common bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae showed more severe drug resistance. 47.1% (33/70) were G + bacteria and the most common strain was staphylococcus epidermidis (45.5%, 15/33) with a majority of methicillin-resistant (86.7%, 13/15). 2 cases (6.1%, 2/33) had bacillus cereus infection and both suffered quick death. 2.9% (2/70) were fungi infection. The main clinical manifestation of CRBSI in VLBWI was apnea and shock was the most common complication. G + group showed significantly higher gestational age and lipid emulsion usage but lower body weight than G - bacteria group. No significant differences existed in clinical manifestations, laboratory results and prognosis between the two groups. Conclusions:Most pathogens causing CRBSI in VLBWI with PICC are opportunistic pathogens. It is difficult to differentiate G + and G - bacterial infection based on clinical manifestations and laboratory results. However, VLBWI with higher gestational age and lipid emulsion usage but lower body weight are more susceptible to G + bacterial infection.

Management of central catheters in newborns and children hospitalized in intensive care units / Manejo de catéteres centrales en recién nacidos y niños hospitalizados en unidades de cuidados intensivos / Manejo de cateteres centrais em recém-nascidos e crianças internadas em unidades de terapia intensiva

Objective: to identify the care strategies adopted by nursing professionals in the handling of central catheters in children and newborns hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit. Method: descriptive research, with quantitative approach, of the non-participant systematic observation type, in a tertiary public hospital in Rio de Janeiro. A structured checklist was applied to the professionals who assisted this clientele. The data were submitted to simple descriptive analysis and organized in graphs. Results: 80 observations were obtained, separated into three stages: moments of hand hygiene; manipulation of the deep catheter; equipment and connectors. Conclusion: the nursing team has satisfactory support to items considered essential in the care and prevention of bloodstream infections related to central catheters in children and newborns hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit.

Objetivo: identificar las estrategias de cuidado adoptadas por los profesionales de enfermería en el manejo de catéteres centrales en niños y recién nacidos hospitalizados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Método: investigación descriptiva, con enfoque cuantitativo, del tipo observación sistemática no participante, en un hospital público terciario de Río de Janeiro. Se aplicó una lista de verificación estructurada a los profesionales que asistieron a esta clientela. Los datos fueron sometidos a un análisis descriptivo simple y organizados en gráficos. Resultados: se obtuvieron 80 observaciones, separadas en tres etapas: momentos de higiene de manos; manipulación del catéter profundo; equipos y conectores. Conclusión: el equipo de enfermería cuenta con un apoyo satisfactorio a los ítems considerados esenciales en el cuidado y prevención de infecciones del torrente sanguíneo relacionadas con catéteres centrales en niños y recién nacidos hospitalizados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos.

Objetivo: identificar as estratégias de cuidado adotadas pelos profissionais de enfermagem no manuseio dos cateteres centrais em crianças e recém-nascidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, do tipo observação sistemática não participante, em um hospital público terciário do Rio de Janeiro. Foi aplicado um check-list estruturado aos profissionais que assistiram essa clientela. Os dados foram submetidos a análise descritiva simples e organizados em gráficos. Resultados: obteve-se 80 observações, separadas em três etapas: momentos da higienização das mãos; manipulação do cateter profundo; equipos e conectores. Conclusão: a equipe de enfermagem possui uma adesão satisfatória aos itens considerados essenciais no cuidado e na prevenção de infecções da corrente sanguínea relacionados a cateteres centrais em crianças e recém-nascidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.

Peripherally inserted central catheter obstruction in packed red blood cell transfusions in neonates / Obstrucción de catéter central insertado periféricamente en transfusiones de concentrado de glóbulos rojos en neonatos / Obstrução do cateter central de inserção periférica nas transfusões de concentrado de hemácias em neonatos

ABSTRACT Objectives: to estimate incidence and free time of peripherally inserted central catheter obstruction in newborns undergoing red blood cell transfusion in the first 24 hours after the procedure. Methods: a longitudinal study, carried out with neonates in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at a teaching hospital in Paraná, between January and July 2019. The sample consisted of 46 transfusion events performed in neonates through a peripherally inserted central catheter. Analysis performed according to descriptive statistics. Results: thirty-one catheters were analyzed, inserted in 24 neonates, through which 46 red blood cell transfusions were performed. Most neonates were male, gestational age <32 weeks, weight <1,500 grams, hospitalized mainly for prematurity. Among the 31 catheters, one (3.2%) presented obstruction after transfusion. Conclusions: The occurrence of obstructions immediately after transfusion was low and the catheters remained complication free for the next 24 hours.

RESUMEN Objetivos: estimar la incidencia y el tiempo libre de obstrucción del catéter central de inserción periférica en recién nacido sometidos a transfusión de glóbulos rojos en las primeras 24 horas después del procedimiento. Métodos: estudio longitudinal, realizado con neonatos en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales de un hospital escuela de Paraná, entre enero y julio de 2019. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 46 eventos transfusionales realizados en neonatos a través de un catéter central de inserción periférica. Análisis realizado según estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se analizaron 31 catéteres, insertados en 24 neonatos, a través de los cuales se realizaron 46 transfusiones de glóbulos rojos. La mayoría de los recién nacidos eran varones, edad gestacional <32 semanas, peso <1.500 gramos, hospitalizados principalmente por prematuridad. Entre los 31 catéteres, uno (3,2%) presentó obstrucción 15 minutos después del final después de la transfusión. Conclusiones: La ocurrencia de obstrucciones inmediatamente después de la transfusión fue baja y los catéteres permanecieron libres de complicaciones durante las siguientes 24 horas.

RESUMO Objetivos: estimar incidência e tempo livre de obstrução do cateter central de inserção periférica em recém-nascidos submetidos à transfusão de hemácias nas primeiras 24 horas após o procedimento. Métodos: estudo longitudinal, realizado com neonatos em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal em hospital de ensino do Paraná, entre janeiro e julho de 2019. Amostra foi composta por 46 eventos de transfusões realizadas em neonatos pelo cateter central de inserção periférica. Análise realizada segundo estatística descritiva. Resultados: foram analisados 31 cateteres, inseridos em 24 neonatos, por meio dos quais foram realizadas 46 transfusões de hemácias. A maioria dos neonatos era do sexo masculino, idade gestacional <32 semanas, peso <1.500 gramas, internados principalmente por prematuridade. Dentre os 31 cateteres, um (3,2%) apresentou obstrução após a transfusão. Conclusões: A ocorrência de obstruções imediatamente após transfusão foi baixa e os cateteres permaneceram livres da complicação nas 24h seguintes.

Elaboration and validation of a terminology subset for newborns with central venous catheters / Elaboración y validación de un subconjunto terminológico para recién nacidos con catéter venoso centrale / Construção e validação de subconjunto terminológico para recém-nascidos com cateter venoso central

ABSTRACT Objective: to elaborate and validate the content of a terminology subset of the International Classification for Nursing Practice, in light of Betty Neuman's theoretical model, for newborns with a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter. Method: a methodological study carried out according to the guidelines of the Brazilian method for developing International Classification for Nursing Practice terminology subsets, through the following stages: 1) Identification of clinical findings relevant to the Nursing practice; 2) Cross-mapping of the findings identified with the International Classification for Nursing Practice terms, version 2019/2020; 3) Elaboration of the Nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions statements, based on Betty Neuman's theoretical model; 4) Validation of the statements' content by expert nurses, using the Delphi Technique in two rounds. The Content Validity Index was used for data analysis, where the statements with Content Validity Index values ≥ 0.80 were validated. Results: 86 clinical findings were identified, allowing for the development and validation of a terminology subset of the International Classification for Nursing Practice, composed of 31 diagnoses/outcomes, categorized according to the levels of intra-personal (3.03%), inter-personal (3.03%) and extra-personal (93.93%) stressors, as well as of 154 Nursing interventions. Conclusion: the elaboration and validation of a terminology subset of the International Classification for Nursing Practice for newborns with a Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter offers support for better targeted provision of care and for quality assistance.

RESUMEN Objetivo: elaborar y validar el contenido de un subconjunto terminológico de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería, sobre la base del modelo teórico de Betty Neuman, para recién nacidos con Catéter Venoso Central de Inserción Periférica. Método: estudio metodológico realizado conforme a las pautas del método brasileño para el desarrollo de subconjuntos terminológicos de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería, a través de las siguientes etapas: 1) Identificación de hallazgos clínicos relevantes para la práctica de Enfermería; 2) Mapeo cruzado de los hallazgos identificados con los términos de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería, versión 2019/2020; 3) Elaboración de los enunciados de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenciones de Enfermería, a partir del modelo teórico de Betty Neuman; 4) Validación del contenido de los enunciados a cargo de enfermeros especialistas, utilizando la Técnica Delphi en dos rondas. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó el Índice de Validez de Contenido, validando los enunciados con valores de Índice de Validez de Contenido ≥ 0.80. Resultados: se identificaron 86 hallazgos clínicos, siendo posible elaborar un subconjunto terminológico de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería, compuesto por 31 diagnósticos/resultados, categorizados de acuerdo con los niveles de factores estresantes intrapersonales (3,03%), interpersonales (3,03%) y extrapersonales (93,93%), además de 154 intervenciones de Enfermería. Conclusión: la elaboración y validación de un subconjunto terminológico de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería para recién nacidos con Catéter Venoso Central de Inserción Periférica ofrecen asistencia para proporcionar atención mejor direccionada y ofrecer asistencia de calidad.

RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar o conteúdo de um subconjunto terminológico da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem, à luz do modelo teórico de Betty Neuman, para recém-nascidos com Cateter Venoso Central de Inserção Periférica. Método: estudo metodológico realizado conforme as diretrizes do método brasileiro para desenvolvimento de subconjuntos terminológicos da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem, através das seguintes etapas: 1) Identificação de achados clínicos relevantes para a prática de enfermagem; 2) Mapeamento cruzado dos achados identificados com os termos da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem, versão 2019/2020; 3) Construção dos enunciados de diagnósticos, resultados e intervenções de enfermagem, a partir do modelo teórico de Betty Neuman; 4) Validação de conteúdo dos enunciados por enfermeiros especialistas, utilizando a Técnica Delphi em duas rodadas. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, sendo validados os enunciados com Índice de Validade de Conteúdo ≥ 0.80. Resultados: identificaram-se 86 achados clínicos, sendo possível a elaboração e validação de um subconjunto terminológico da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem, composto por 31 diagnósticos/resultados, categorizados segundo os níveis de estressores intrapessoais (3,03%), interpessoais (3,03%) e extrapessoais (93,93%), e 154 intervenções de enfermagem. Conclusão: a elaboração e validação de um subconjunto terminológico da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem para recém-nascidos com Cateter Venoso Central de Inserção Periférica oferecem subsídios para uma prestação de cuidados com melhor direcionamento e a realização de uma assistência de qualidade.

Transfusão de hemácias em neonatos pelo cateter central de inserção periférica: revisão integrativa / Red blood cell transfusions in newborn infants through peripherally inserted central catheter: an integrative review / Transfusión de glóbulos rojos en neonatos a través de catéter central de inserción periférica: revisión integradora

Objetivo: identificar na literatura as implicações relacionadas à transfusão de hemácias, por meio do Cateter Central de Inserção Periférica, em neonatos. Métodos: revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e PUBMED. Incluíram-se publicações em inglês, espanhol e português, disponíveis na íntegra, sem data limite. Resultados: selecionaram-se quatro (100,0%) pesquisas que abordaram hemólise das hemácias e dois deles (50,0%), também, versaram sobre obstrução do cateter durante a transfusão. Os estudos evidenciaram ocorrência de hemólise relacionada à velocidade de infusão e ao tempo de armazenamento das hemácias, porém sem relevância clínica. Referente à obstrução, observou-se ocorrência em apenas um cateter de 38 acompanhados em um estudo; no outro, não houve obstrução, sendo as transfusões consideradas tecnicamente viáveis. Conclusão: urgem estudos clínicos primários que avaliem as consequências clínicas das transfusões de hemácias por esse tipo de cateter, em neonatos.

Objective: this study aimed to identify in literature the implications related to red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, through Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter, in neonates. Methods: this is an integrative review conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, Virtual Health Library, and PubMed databases. Publications in English, Spanish and Portuguese, available in full, without date limit, were included. Results: four (100.0%) studies that addressed hemolysis of RBCs were selected, of which two (50.0%) also addressed catheter obstruction during transfusion. Studies revealed the occurrence of hemolysis related to infusion rate and storage time of RBCs, however without clinical relevance. Regarding obstruction, it was verified in only one catheter out of 38 followed-up in a study; in the other, there was no obstruction and transfusions were considered technically feasible. Conclusion:there is urgent need for primary clinical studies to assess clinical consequences of red blood cell transfusions through this type of catheter in neonates.

Objetivo: identificar en la literatura las implicaciones relacionadas con la transfusión de glóbulos rojos, por Catéter Central de Inserción Periférica, en neonatos. Métodos: revisión integrativa, en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y PUBMED. Se incluyeron publicaciones en inglés, español y portugués, disponibles en totalidad, sin fecha límite. Resultados: seleccionaron cuatro (100,0%) estudios que abordaban la hemólisis de glóbulos rojos y dos de ellos (50,0%) la obstrucción del catéter durante la transfusión. Los estudios señalaron ocurrencia de hemólisis relacionada con velocidad de infusión y tiempo de almacenamiento de los glóbulos rojos, pero sin relevancia clínica. Sobre la obstrucción, se observó en catéter de 38 seguidos en un estudio; en otro, no hubo obstrucción, y las transfusiones se consideraron técnicamente factibles. Conclusión:se necesitan estudios clínicos primarios para evaluar las consecuencias clínicas de las transfusiones de glóbulos rojos a través de este tipo de catéter en los recién nacidos.

Hemodynamic effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure in critically ill children

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the influence of intra-abdominal pressure on the cardiac index (CI) at different intra-abdominal hypertension grades achieved when performing an abdominal compression maneuver (ACM). Evaluating the effectiveness of the ACM in distending the left internal jugular vein (LIJV). Methods: Prospective observational study conducted in the PICU of a quaternary care teaching hospital. Participants underwent the ACM and the IAP was measured with an indwelling urinary catheter. At each IAH grade reached during the ACM, the CI was measured by transthoracic echocardiography and the LIJV cross-sectional area (CSA) was determined by ultrasonography. Results: Twenty-four children were included (median age and weight of 3.5 months and 6.37 kg, respectively). The median CI observed at baseline and during IAH grades I, II, III, and IV were 3.65 L/min/m2 (IQR 3.12−4.03), 3.38 L/min/m2 (IQR 3.04−3.73), 3.16 L/min/m2 (IQR 2.70−3.53), 2.89 L/min/m2 (IQR 2.38−3.22), and 2.42 L/min/m2 (IQR 1.91−2.79), respectively. A 25% increase in the LIJV CSA area was achieved in 14 participants (58%) during the ACM. Conclusion: The ACM significantly increases IAP, causing severe reversible impairment in the cardiovascular system and is effective in distending the LIJV in just over half of the subjects. Even low levels of HIA can result in significant cardiac dysfunction in children. Therefore, health professionals should be aware of the negative hemodynamic repercussions caused by the increased IAP.

Prevalence of central venous catheter salvage in newborn with staphylococcal bloodstream infection / Prevalencia del rescate del catéter venoso central en recién nacidos con infección del torrente sanguíneo estafilocócica / Prevalência de salvamento de cateter venoso central em recém-nascidos com infecção de corrente sanguínea estafilocócica

ABSTRACT Objectives: to establish the prevalence of salvage of central venous catheters in newborns with bloodstream infection caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. Methods: retrospective cross-sectional study with 136 newborns admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between 2011 and 2017. The total of 143 infection events undergoing antibiotic therapy were evaluated. Results: among the 143 infection events, 39 catheters in which antibiotic therapy was used were saved and in 69 cases, the device was removed. Positive central blood culture and single lumen catheter were factors associated with salvage failure. The probability of salvage decreased with infections diagnosed from 15 days of using the catheter. Negative blood culture raised the chance of salvage by fourfold. Conclusions: the use of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of infections resulted in a low prevalence of salvage of the central venous catheter. The probability of salvage was associated with variables of the device.

RESUMEN Objetivos: establecer la prevalencia de rescate de catéteres venosos centrales en recién nacidos con infección del torrente sanguíneo causada por estafilococos coagulasa negativos. Métodos: estudio transversal retrospectivo con 136 recién nacidos ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, entre 2011 y 2017. Se evaluaron 143 eventos de infección sometidos a terapia antibiótica. Resultados: de los 143 eventos de infección, se rescataron 39 catéteres en los que se utilizó antibioticoterapia y en 69 casos se retiró el dispositivo. El hemocultivo central positivo y el catéter de un lumen fueron factores asociados con el fracaso del rescate. La probabilidad de rescate disminuyó con las infecciones diagnosticadas a partir de los 15 días de uso del catéter. Los hemocultivos negativos multiplicaron por cuatro la posibilidad de recuperación. Conclusiones: el uso de terapia antibiótica en el tratamiento de infecciones resultó en una baja prevalencia de rescate del catéter venoso central. La probabilidad de rescate se asoció con las variables del dispositivo.

RESUMO Objetivos: estabelecer a prevalência de salvamento de cateteres venosos centrais em recém-nascidos com infecção de corrente sanguínea ocasionada por estafilococos coagulase-negativa. Métodos: estudo transversal, retrospectivo com 136 recém-nascidos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, entre 2011 a 2017. Foram avaliados 143 eventos de infecção submetidos à antibioticoterapia. Resultados: entre os 143 eventos de infecção, 39 cateteres nos quais se usou antibioticoterapia foram salvos e em 69 casos, o dispositivo foi removido. Hemocultura central positiva e cateter mono lúmen foram fatores associados à falha de salvamento. A probabilidade de salvamento diminuiu com infecções diagnosticadas a partir de 15 dias de uso do cateter. Hemocultura negativa elevou a chance de salvamento em quatro vezes. Conclusões: o uso da antibioticoterapia no tratamento das infecções resultou em baixa prevalência de salvamento do cateter venoso central. A probabilidade de salvamento mostrou-se associada às variáveis do dispositivo.

Procedure and teaching verses of supraclavicular subclavian catheterization / 中华危重病急救医学

In order to improve the success rate of supraclavicular deep venous catheterization and reduce mechanical complications, we present an auxillary maneuver in regard to supraclavicular subclavian catheterization basing on the relatively fixed anatomy of subclavian vein and its adjacent surroundings, furthermore, we revised the standardized procedure of supraclavicular subclavian catheterization. The maneuver is summarized in the shape of verses (verses: thumb navigation is well designed according to anatomy. Needle penetrated into vein should be parallel to coronal plane. Fine needle in position should be immobilized. Is it difficult for parallel puncture? Pressure determination is required when needle is in place. It is critical to distinguish which vessel has been inserted. Guidewire is advanced smoothly. Check blood return after expansion of skin and catheterization.). For teaching convenience, verses are considered to be more concise and memorable, as well as applicable to clinical practice, in order to provide some help for clinical teaching.

Comparison of intraosseous access and central venous catheterization in Chinese adult emergency patients: A prospective, multicenter, and randomized study / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#BACKGROUND: It is challenging to establish peripheral intravenous access in adult critically patients. This study aims to compare the success rate of the first attempt, procedure time, operator satisfaction with the used devices, pain score, and complications between intraosseous (IO) access and central venous catheterization (CVC) in critically ill Chinese patients. METHODS: In this prospective clustered randomized controlled trial, eight hospitals were randomly divided into either the IO group or the CVC group. Patients who needed emergency vascular access were included. From April 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018, each center included 12 patients. We recorded the data mentioned above. RESULTS: A total of 96 patients were enrolled in the study. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding sex, age, body mass index, or operator satisfaction with the used devices. The success rates of the first attempt and the procedure time were statistically significant between the IO group and the CVC group (91.7% vs. 50.0%, P<0.001; 52.0 seconds vs. 900.0 seconds, P<0.001). During the study, 32 patients were conscious. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the pain score associated with insertion. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the pain score associated with IO or CVC infusion (1.5 vs. 0.0, P=0.044). Complications were not observed in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: IO access is a safe, rapid, and effective technique for gaining vascular access in critically ill adults with inaccessible peripheral veins in the emergency departments.

Central Line Induced Pneumothorax: A Case Report

Central venous catheter insertion is a commonly performed procedure. We report a case of central venous catheterization induced pneumothorax in a 45 years old male patient who underwent a surgery for sub-arachnoid hemorrhage and post-surgery, developed tension pneumothorax during internal jugular vein catheterization.

Utilização do picc mono lúmen e duplo lúmen em recém-nascidos prematuros extremos: ensaio clínico randomizado / Uso de picc mono y doble lumen en recién nacidos prematuros extremos: un ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Use of single- and double-lumen peripherally inserted central catheters in extremely premature newborns: a randomized clinical trial

RESUMO Objetivo: comparar as taxas de complicações, infecção e obstrução do cateter central de inserção periférica mono lúmen com o duplo lúmen em prematuros extremos. Método: ensaio clínico randomizado, com 30 recém-nascidos de idade gestacional entre 24 e 32 semanas. As variáveis coletadas foram tempo de duração, complicações, manipulação dos cateteres e obtenção de acessos venosos periféricos. A análise foi realizada por estatística descritiva. Resultados: houve diferença nas taxas de manipulação do cateter (p=0,001) e obtenção de acessos venosos concomitantes (p=0,01). Contudo, não houve diferença nas taxas de complicações (p=0,14), obstrução (p=0,55) e infecção (p=0,47). O cateter duplo lúmen não eleva os riscos de complicações, porém é mais manipulado. Entretanto, reduz a obtenção de novos acessos periféricos, e consequentemente a dor dos prematuros. Conclusão: a utilização do cateter central de inserção periférica duplo lúmen é benéfica para os recém-nascidos que necessitam de terapia infusional múltipla.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: comparar las tasas de complicaciones, infección y obstrucción del catéter central de inserción periférica mono lumen con las del doble lumen en bebés prematuros extremos. Método: ensayo clínico aleatorizado con 30 recién nacidos en edad gestacional entre 24 y 32 semanas. Las variables recogidas fueron la duración, las complicaciones, la manipulación del catéter y la obtención del acceso venoso periférico. El análisis fue realizado por estadísticas descriptivas. Resultados: una diferencia fue observada en las tasas de manipulación del catéter (p=0,001) y obtención de accesos venosos concomitantes (p=0,01). Sin embargo, no se observó diferencia en las tasas de complicaciones (p=0,14), obstrucción (p=0,55) e infección (p=0,47). El catéter doble lumen no aumenta el riesgo de complicaciones, pero es más manipulado. También reduce la obtención de nuevos accesos periféricos y, en consecuencia, el dolor de los bebés prematuros. Conclusión: el uso del catéter central de inserción periférica doble lumen es beneficioso para los recién nacidos que requieren terapia de infusión múltiple.

ABSTRACT Objective: compare the rates of complications, infections and obstruction of single-lumen peripherally-inserted central catheters to those of double-lumen catheters in extremely premature infants. Method: randomized clinical trial with 30 newborns with gestational age between 24 and 32 weeks. The variables collected were period of use, complications, handling of catheters and obtaining peripheral venous accesses. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: there were differences in rates regarding handling catheters (p=0.001) and obtaining concomitant venous accesses (p=0.01). However, there was no difference in complication (p=0.14), obstruction (p=0.55) and infection rates (p=0.47). Despite being more frequently handled, double-lumen catheters do not increase the risk of complications. They reduce the need for obtaining new peripheral accesses and, consequently, the pain of premature infants. Conclusion: the use of double-lumen peripherally-inserted central catheters is beneficial for newborns that need multi-infusion therapy.

Educational practices for families of children and adolescents using a permanent venous catheter / Prácticas educativas junto a las familias de niños y adolescentes en uso de catéter venoso permanente / Práticas educativas junto às famílias de crianças e adolescentes em uso de cateter venoso permanente

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify, in the scientific literature, the educational practices performed by nurses with the families of children and adolescents using long-term venous catheters, concerning home care. Methods: integrative review in LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and CINAHL databases, from August to September 2018. Results: we analyzed eight articles that met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that all studies are international, mostly North American and with low level of evidence. The educational practices found were home visits, production of printed educational materials, use of mannequins for simulation, creation of an educational video, and combined educational practices. Final Considerations: the care provided by families at home in the countries studied is more complex than in Brazil, and the conclusion is that Brazilian studies need to advance in publications related to this area.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar, en la literatura científica, las prácticas educativas realizadas por los enfermeros junto a las familias de niños y adolescentes en uso de catéter venoso de larga permanencia con vistas al cuidado domiciliar. Métodos: repaso integrado en las bases LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science y CINAHL, en los meses de agosto y septiembre de 2018. Resultados: han sido analizados ocho artículos que atendieron a los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados mostraron que todos los estudios son internacionales, de mayoría norte-americana y de bajo nivel de evidencia. Las prácticas educativas encontradas han sido visita domiciliar; producción de materiales educativos impresos; utilización de maniquís para simulación; creación de un vídeo educativo; y prácticas educativas combinadas. Consideraciones Finales: los cuidados realizados por las familias en el domicilio, en los países estudiados, son más complexos que en Brasil, y la conclusión es que los estudios brasileños necesitan avanzar en las publicaciones referentes a esta área.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar, na literatura científica, as práticas educativas realizadas pelos enfermeiros junto às famílias de crianças e adolescentes em uso de cateter venoso de longa permanência, com vistas ao cuidado domiciliar. Métodos: revisão integrativa nas bases LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science e CINAHL, nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2018. Resultados: foram analisados oito artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os resultados mostraram que todos os estudos são internacionais, de maioria norte-americana e de baixo nível de evidência. As práticas educativas encontradas foram visita domiciliar; produção de materiais educativos impressos; utilização de manequins para simulação; criação de um vídeo educativo; e práticas educativas combinadas. Considerações Finais: os cuidados realizados pelas famílias no domicílio, nos países estudados, são mais complexos que no Brasil, e a conclusão é de que os estudos brasileiros precisam avançar nas publicações referentes a esta área.

Educational practices for families of children and adolescents using a permanent venous catheter / Prácticas educativas junto a las familias de niños y adolescentes en uso de catéter venoso permanente / Práticas educativas junto às famílias de crianças e adolescentes em uso de cateter venoso permanente

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify, in the scientific literature, the educational practices performed by nurses with the families of children and adolescents using long-term venous catheters, concerning home care. Methods: integrative review in LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and CINAHL databases, from August to September 2018. Results: we analyzed eight articles that met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that all studies are international, mostly North American and with low level of evidence. The educational practices found were home visits, production of printed educational materials, use of mannequins for simulation, creation of an educational video, and combined educational practices. Final Considerations: the care provided by families at home in the countries studied is more complex than in Brazil, and the conclusion is that Brazilian studies need to advance in publications related to this area.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar, en la literatura científica, las prácticas educativas realizadas por los enfermeros junto a las familias de niños y adolescentes en uso de catéter venoso de larga permanencia con vistas al cuidado domiciliar. Métodos: repaso integrado en las bases LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science y CINAHL, en los meses de agosto y septiembre de 2018. Resultados: han sido analizados ocho artículos que atendieron a los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados mostraron que todos los estudios son internacionales, de mayoría norte-americana y de bajo nivel de evidencia. Las prácticas educativas encontradas han sido visita domiciliar; producción de materiales educativos impresos; utilización de maniquís para simulación; creación de un vídeo educativo; y prácticas educativas combinadas. Consideraciones Finales: los cuidados realizados por las familias en el domicilio, en los países estudiados, son más complexos que en Brasil, y la conclusión es que los estudios brasileños necesitan avanzar en las publicaciones referentes a esta área.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar, na literatura científica, as práticas educativas realizadas pelos enfermeiros junto às famílias de crianças e adolescentes em uso de cateter venoso de longa permanência, com vistas ao cuidado domiciliar. Métodos: revisão integrativa nas bases LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science e CINAHL, nos meses de agosto e setembro de 2018. Resultados: foram analisados oito artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Os resultados mostraram que todos os estudos são internacionais, de maioria norte-americana e de baixo nível de evidência. As práticas educativas encontradas foram visita domiciliar; produção de materiais educativos impressos; utilização de manequins para simulação; criação de um vídeo educativo; e práticas educativas combinadas. Considerações Finais: os cuidados realizados pelas famílias no domicílio, nos países estudados, são mais complexos que no Brasil, e a conclusão é de que os estudos brasileiros precisam avançar nas publicações referentes a esta área.

Avaliação de custo-efetividade do cateterismo em veia jugular interna guiado por ultrassom no Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro / Evaluation of cost-effectiveness of internal jugular vein catheterization by ultrasound in the Brazilian National Health System

Objetivo: Determinar a factibilidade econômica da técnica de cateterismo central em veia jugular interna guiada pelo ultrassom comparado à técnica-padrão, sob a perspectiva pagadora do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro. Métodos: Análise de custo-efetividade utilizando modelo de árvore de decisão sob uma população de pacientes adultos em um cenário de uma unidade terciária. Os custos diretos dos materiais e procedimentos foram estimados utilizando bancos de registros de compras nacionais. Os desfechos foram a ocorrência ou não da punção arterial acidental grave (principal complicação associada ao sítio de punção). Também foram conduzidas análises de sensibilidade determinística e probabilística, bem como curva de aceitabilidade. Resultados: A intervenção onerou o modelo em R$ 53,81. A razão de custo-efetividade incremental calculada foi de R$ 17.936,66 por complicação grave evitada e a curva de aceitabilidade evidenciou que a técnica é custo-efetiva sob uma intenção de pagar de R$ 18.125,00. Na análise de sensibilidade probabilística, 63,6% das simulações mostraram-se custo-efetivas. Conclusão: A intervenção é custo-efetiva, contribuindo para a redução das complicações graves, e o resultado pode proporcionar segurança para tomadas de decisões quanto à padronização do uso da ultrassonografia como orientador do procedimento.

Objective: To determine the economic feasibility of the central catheterization technique in the internal jugular vein guided by the ultrasound compared to the standard technique, under the perspective of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Methods: Cost-effectiveness analysis using decision tree model under a population of adult patients in a tertiary unit scenario. The direct costs of the materials and procedures were estimated using banks of national procurement records. The outcomes were the occurrence or not of severe accidental arterial puncture (the main complication associated with the puncture site). Analyzes of deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity were also conducted, as well as acceptability curve. Results: The intervention cost the model in R$ 53.81. The calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was R$ 17,936.66 due to a serious complication avoided and the acceptability curve showed that the technique is cost-effective under an intention to pay R$ 18,125.00. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, 63.6% of the simulations were cost-effective. Conclusion: The intervention is cost-effective, contributing to the reduction of severe complications and the result can provide security for decision making regarding the standardization of the use of ultrasonography as a guideline of the procedure

Knowledge and behavior of professionals about bundled strategies of central venous catheter / Conocimiento y comportamiento de profesionales sobre el bundle de catéter venoso central / Conhecimento e comportamento de profissionais sobre o bundle de cateter venoso central

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the factors that influence the knowledge and behavior of professionals of neonatal and pediatric units about bundled strategies of insertion of central venous catheter. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in one neonatal and one pediatric intensive care units in a public hospital in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from April to July, 2016. The sample consisted of 255 professionals who answered a structured instrument. Descriptive and comparative analyses were made using the SPSS software. Results: The category nursing professional (p = 0.010), working hours of 12×36 scale (p < 0.001), training as a form of acquiring knowledge (p < 0.001) and participation in training programs (p < 0.001) are associated to greater knowledge about the bundle. Regarding behavior, no significant associations were observed. Conclusion: The study showed that there are factors that influence the knowledge about bundled strategies of insertion of central venous catheter, reflecting the need to consider these practices for making more effective educational practices in health care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Investigar los factores que influencian el conocimiento y comportamiento de los profesionales de unidades neonatales y pediátricas sobre el bundle de inserción del catéter venoso central. Método: Estudio transversal que se realizó en dos unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal y pediátrica de un hospital público de Belo Horizonte, en el período de abril a julio de 2016. La muestra se constituyó de 255 profesionales, que respondieron a un instrumento estructurado. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y comparativos por medio del software SPSS. Resultados: La categoría profesional de enfermero (p = 0,010), la jornada de trabajo de 12 × 36 horas (p < 0,001), el entrenamiento como forma de adquisición del conocimiento (p < 0,001) y la participación en entrenamientos (p < 0,001) se asocian al mayor conocimiento sobre el bundle. En cuanto al comportamiento, no se observaron asociaciones significativas. Conclusión: Se ha revelado que existen factores que influencian el conocimiento sobre el bundle de inserción de catéter central, reflejando la necesidad de considerarlos para la realización de prácticas educativas más efectivas en salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar os fatores que influenciam o conhecimento e comportamento dos profissionais de unidades neonatais e pediátricas sobre o bundle de inserção do cateter venoso central. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado em duas unidades de terapia intensiva neonatal e pediátrica de um hospital público de Belo Horizonte, no período de abril a julho de 2016. A amostra constituiu-se de 255 profissionais, que responderam a um instrumento estruturado. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e comparativas por meio do software SPSS. Resultados: A categoria profissional de enfermeiro (p = 0,010), a jornada de trabalho de 12×36 horas (p < 0,001), o treinamento como forma de aquisição do conhecimento (p < 0,001) e a participação em treinamentos (p < 0,001) estão associados ao maior conhecimento sobre o bundle. Quanto ao comportamento, não se observou associações significativas. Conclusão: Revelou-se que existem fatores que influenciam o conhecimento sobre o bundle de inserção de cateter central, refletindo a necessidade de considerá-los para a realização de práticas educativas mais efetivas em saúde.